G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 10 Aral\u0131k 2016 tarihli Anayasa \tDe\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Teklifi, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 teorisinden uzakla\u015fmakta ve bir \tkuvvetler birli\u011fi sistemi kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Teklif edilen sistemde \tsadece yasama organ\u0131 de\u011fil, yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na \tsokulmaktad\u0131r\\. Kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131nda \u00e7ek, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay i\u015flemlerin keyfini s\u00fcr. marspin up<\/a><\/a><\/a>\\. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi De\u011fi\u015fiklik Teklifiyle, \tT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tam bir birlik sa\u011flanmas\u0131 \tama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. TBMM ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinin ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \tnedeni budur. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na veya TBMM\u2019ye kendisinin ve di\u011ferinin \tse\u00e7imlerini yenileme yetkisinin verilmesinin sebebi de yine budur. Ama\u00e7 \tCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ile TBMM\u2019nin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ayn\u0131 siyas\u00ee partiden olmas\u0131n\u0131n \tsa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer kazara Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n partisi, TBMM\u2019de \u00e7o\u011funluk \tsa\u011flayamazsa, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, kendi se\u00e7imini ve TBMM se\u00e7imlerini yenileyerek \tyasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme aras\u0131nda birli\u011fi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. H\u00e2liyle TBMM\u2019nin de kendi \tse\u00e7imlerini ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imini yenileyerek bu birli\u011fi sa\u011flama \timk\u00e2n\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu birlik sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de TBMM\u2019nin \tCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalmayacak; TBMM onun kontrol\u00fc \talt\u0131na girecektir.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci olarak, yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, teklif \tedilen sistem, zaten TBMM ile Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 aras\u0131nda birlik sa\u011flanmas\u0131 \t\u00fczerine kuruludur. TBMM ile Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 aras\u0131nda birli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131 \tger\u00e7ekle\u015firse, \u201cHakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulu\u201dnun \u00fcyelerinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7me \tyetkisinin TBMM\u2019ye verilmesinin pek bir anlam\u0131 kalmaz. \u201cHaklar\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \tbir toplumda anayasa da yoktur\u201d[9]. Bu ele\u015ftiriye kar\u015f\u0131, benzer d\u00fczenlemelerin ba\u015fka \tdemokratik \u00fclkelerde de bulundu\u011fu cevab\u0131 verilebilir. Do\u011frudur; oranlar \tfarkl\u0131 olmakla birlikte, yasama organlar\u0131na ve devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131na h\u00e2kimler \ty\u00fcksek kurullar\u0131na \u00fcye se\u00e7me yetkisi veren yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke anayasalar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirinin g\u00f6revlerine \tson verebildi\u011fi bir sistemin \u201cba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi\u201d oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 komik bir \tiddiad\u0131r. Bu \tsistemde yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131 birbirinden kesin \u00e7izgilerle ayr\u0131d\u0131r. Durum b\u00f6yleyken, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir liderli\u011fe \tihtiyac\u0131 var\u201d gibi s\u00f6ylemlerle, kuvvetler birli\u011fi sistemini savunanlar\u0131 ve \thatta b\u00f6yle bir sisteme \u00f6vg\u00fc d\u00fczenleri g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131yor ve dahas\u0131 \tkorkuyorum. Kuvvetler birli\u011fi sistemi, hangi t\u00fcr\u00fc olursa olsun, savunulacak \tve hele hele \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fclecek bir sistem de\u011fildir. Kuvvetlerin yasama organ\u0131nda \tbirle\u015fti\u011fi kuvvetler birli\u011fi sistemine \u201cmeclis h\u00fck\u00fbmeti sistemi\u201d denir ki, \tbu anti-demokratik bir sistemdir. Kuvvetlerin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131nda birle\u015fti\u011fi \tkuvvetler birli\u011fi sistemin ise tarihsel olarak eski ve yeni olmak \u00fczere iki \t\u015fekli vard\u0131r. Eski \u015fekline \u201cmutlak monar\u015fi\u201d, yani \u015fekline ise \u201cdiktat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u201d \tdenir. Teredd\u00fcd\u00fc olanlar, herhangi bir anayasa hukuku kitab\u0131nda \u201ckuvvetler \tbirli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemleri\u201d konusuna bakabilirler. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kuvvetler \tbirli\u011fini savunmak, alt\u0131nda bir art niyet yoksa, bir bilgisizlikten ba\u015fka \tbir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Bir kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemi olan ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemini \tkurmak i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n, yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme kuvvetlerinin \tCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nda birle\u015fmesi esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir kuvvetler birli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fbmet \tsistemine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Kurulmas\u0131 teklif edilen sisteme, \tister \u201cAmerikan tipi\u201d, \u201cister T\u00fcrk tipi\u201d olsun, asla ve kat\u2019a \u201cba\u015fkanl\u0131k \tsistemi\u201d ismi verilemez; zira ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi sert bir kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \tsistemidir. Teklif edilen sistem ise \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u201ckuvvetlerin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nda \tbirle\u015fmesi esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir kuvvetler birli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemi\u201dnden ba\u015fka \tbir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Anayasa hukuku biliminde, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 teorisi ve \tkuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemleri konusu, de\u011fi\u015fik \u015feylerin \tdenenebilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k bir konu de\u011fildir. Ortada 200 k\u00fcsur y\u0131ld\u0131r en \tince ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na kadar i\u015flenmi\u015f bir teori vard\u0131r. Teorinin hipotezleri, \t200 k\u00fcsur y\u0131ld\u0131r, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerindeki uygulamalarla \tdo\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihte kuvvetler birli\u011fi sistemlerinin h\u00fcrriyet, bar\u0131\u015f ve \thuzur getirdi\u011fi tek bir \u00fclke olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Teklifi kabul edilirse, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \tyasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye \tB\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na girece\u011fi tahmin \tedilebilir. Ne var ki, 10 Aral\u0131k 2016 tarihli Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \tTeklifi, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan \tkald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, yarg\u0131 organ\u0131n\u0131n da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \tortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle, De\u011fi\u015fiklik Teklifi, sadece \tyasama organ\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda yarg\u0131 organ\u0131n\u0131 da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \tkontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na sokmaktad\u0131r. Bir kere, De\u011fi\u015fiklik Teklifine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck \tMillet Meclisi ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r (m.4). \u0130kinci olarak, De\u011fi\u015fiklik Teklifi, hem Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na ve hem de TBMM\u2019ye \tse\u00e7imlerin yenilenmesine karar verme yetkisi vermektedir (m.12).<\/p>\n Teklif \tedilen sistemde, Adalet Bakan\u0131 ve Kurulun be\u015f \u00fcyesi do\u011frudan do\u011fruya \tCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan atanmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin, an\u0131lan Kurulun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \tsa\u011flayabilece\u011fi \u00e7ok \u015f\u00fcphelidir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi se\u00e7imleri yenileme yetkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \tTBMM\u2019nin ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu silahlar san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi e\u015fit \tde\u011fildir. 10 Aral\u0131k 2016 tarihli Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Teklifi 21 \tmaddeden olu\u015fuyor. Teklifteki idare hukukumuzu alt \u00fcst eden h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden de \tbahsetmeyece\u011fim. Ben sadece bir iki maddeden hareketle teklif edilen h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemini \tele\u015ftirece\u011fim. Kuvvetlerin ayn\u0131 elde topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sistemde kimse \tg\u00fcvende de\u011fildir. Bundan \tsonra makaleden al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmak isteyen yazarlar\u0131n Ankara Barosu Dergisinde \tyay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f halinden al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde \tg\u00f6stermeleri rica olunur. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 erki de ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi veya\u2026 kurullar kullan\u0131rsa her \u015fey mahvolur.<\/p>\n 10 Aral\u0131k 2016 tarihli Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Teklifiyle, \tCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na ve TBMM\u2019ye, kendi se\u00e7imlerini de yenilemek kayd\u0131yla, \tdi\u011ferinin g\u00f6revine son verme yetkisi veren \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemi \t\u201ckurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d[11]. B\u00f6yle bir sistem demokratik d\u00fcnyada denenmemi\u015f bir sistemdir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \tsonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fildir. H\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemleri konusu, anayasa \thukuku biliminin verilerinden uzakla\u015f\u0131larak, \u00f6zg\u00fcn modeller \u201ckurgulanarak\u201d, \tdeneysel sistemler tasarlanarak d\u00fczenlenebilecek bir konu de\u011fildir. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \t\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sistemde, yasama organ\u0131 nas\u0131l Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na \tgirecekse, ayn\u0131 sebepten dolay\u0131, yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc \talt\u0131na girecektir. Zira Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Kurulunun alt\u0131 \u00fcyesi zaten \tdo\u011frudan do\u011fruya Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan atanacakt\u0131r; geri kalan alt\u0131 \u00fcyesi \tde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki TBMM taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilecektir. Anayasa hukuku teorisinde, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya \tbirli\u011fine g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemleri, yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \tili\u015fkilere g\u00f6re tasnif edilir. Ne var ki, Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Teklifinde \u00f6nerilen \th\u00fck\u00fbmet sisteminin ne oldu\u011fu sorununun, asl\u0131nda anayasa hukuku doktrinini \toyalayacak bir \u201c\u00e7erez\u201d olmaktan daha fazla bir de\u011feri yoktur. Zira 10 Aral\u0131k tarihli Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Teklifinin as\u0131l hedefi, \u201cba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi\u201d \tveya \u201cT\u00fcrk tipi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi\u201d kurmak de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir \u201ckuvvetler \tbirli\u011fi sistemi\u201d kurmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kemal G\u00f6zler, Elveda Kuvvetler Ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Elveda Anayasa: 10 Aral\u0131k 2016 Tarihli Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Teklifi Hakk\u0131nda Bir Ele\u015ftiri G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 10 Aral\u0131k 2016 tarihli Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Teklifi, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 teorisinden uzakla\u015fmakta ve bir kuvvetler birli\u011fi sistemi kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Teklif edilen sistemde sadece yasama organ\u0131 de\u011fil, yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na sokulmaktad\u0131r\\. Kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131nda \u00e7ek, h\u0131zl\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[362],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1706"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1707,"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions\/1707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saanouni.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n